MMO Txheej piav qhia: Vim li cas Ru-Ir, Ir-Ta thiab Platinum ntawm Titanium tsis hloov pauv tau

Taw qhia: txheej txheej ua haujlwm, titanium tsuas yog tuav nws nyob ntawd

Ib qho titanium anode feem ntau yog muag zoo li cov hlau yog cov khoom. Nws tsis yog. Titanium txoj haujlwm yog kom nyob ruaj khov thiab tsim ib zaj duab xis oxide passive. Tib zaj duab xis yog vim li cas titanium liab qab tsis nrawm li anode: nws thaiv tam sim no. Qhov uas tau tsav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zaum ntawm qhov chaw - cov hlau oxide sib xyaw, los yog MMO, txheej siv los ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej thiab ci los ntawm cov tsho loj thiab cov thermal decomposition.

Qhov kev sib txawv no tseem ceeb vim tias nws piav qhia qhov yuam kev ntau tshaj plaws: piv txwv tias ob lub anodes tau piav qhia tias "titanium nrog ruthenium" yuav coj zoo ib yam. Lawv yuav tsis. Txheej muaj pes tsawg leeg, thauj khoom, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsho tiv no, tua kub thiab substrate pretreatment txhua yam hloov qhov tshwm sim. Ob qhov chaw tuaj yeem saib zoo ib yam thiab tseem zaum ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev xaiv nyiaj txiag.

 

 

Dab tsi yog MMO txheej tiag tiag

Xav txog cov txheej txheej yog nyias, crystalline, hluav taws xob conductive ceramic. Nws yuav tsum ua peb yam ib zaug: dhau tam sim no, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas xav tau, thiab muaj sia nyob ntau txhiab teev hauv qhov chaw nruj heev.

Nyob rau hauv tam sim no ncaj qha, chloride ions yog oxidised ntawm lub anode nto thaum dej raug txo ntawm cathode. Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig yog hypochlorous acid thiab hypochlorite; Cov khub uas tsis tuaj yeem zam tau yog oxygen evolution, tshav kub, thiab maj mam hloov ntawm txheej txheej. Ib txheej txheej tus nqi yog li ntawd tsis yog nws lub peev xwm los pib cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws yog nws lub peev xwm ua kom khiav ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ruaj khov thaum cov kev cuam tshuam sab hauv tswj tau.

"Stable" yog lo lus ua haujlwm. Raws li cov txheej txheem hnav, cell voltage nce. Lub rectifier compensates nrog ntau tam sim no. Cua sov thiab oxygen evolution nce. Dab tsi pib ua qeeb qeeb tuaj yeem xaus raws li kev khiav tawm. Ib tus neeg yuav khoom uas tsuas yog sib piv tus nqi ib thooj tau ploj mus rau qhov kev ntsuas uas them rau lub anode: tus nqi ib kilogram ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj tshaj lub anode lub neej ua haujlwm.

Ru-Ir: cov tshuaj chlorine-evolution workhorse

Ruthenium dioxide yog cov tshuaj chlorine muaj zog -evolution catalyst. Ntxiv iridium thiab titanium oxides hauv qhov kev faib ua feem thiab koj tau txais cov txheej txheem dav siv qhov twg cov tshuaj chlorine evolution dominates: brine electrolysis, ntawm -site hypochlorite tiam, chlor-alkali, thiab ntau lub luag haujlwm electroplating thiab anodising.

Ru-Ir coatings muaj nuj nqis rau kev ua haujlwm siab tam sim no ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine thiab qhov ua haujlwm tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob. Lawv kuj yog cov txheej txheej feem ntau mis- qhia, vim "Ru-Ir" npog ntau hom qauv. Ib txheej optimized rau sov, dilute brine tsis yog tib lub tswv yim raws li ib tug khiav hauv concentrated chloride ntawm high tam sim no ceev.

Siv Ru-Ir thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv anodic feem ntau yog cov tshuaj chlorine evolution thiab cov electrolyte yog chloride-cov kabmob. Tsis txhob xav tias nws yog txoj cai rau lub luag haujlwm uas feem ntau yog oxygen evolution, lossis rau daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau platinum tus cwj pwm saum npoo. Thiab tsis txhob lees txais ib feem pua ​​​​Ru raws li tag nrho zaj dab neeg: 30% Ru formulation los ntawm ib lub khw tsis piv rau 30% los ntawm lwm tus.

Ir-Ta: ua rau cov pa oxygen-evolution thiab mob hnyav dua

Iridium thiab tantalum oxides hloov cov txheej txheem ntawm oxygen evolution thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau oxidation aggressive. Ir-Ta systems feem ntau txuam nrog acidic media, siab oxygen-evolution fractions, thiab lub luag hauj lwm uas cov txheej yuav tsum zam polarization los yog ncua sij hawm rov qab tam sim no.

Tantalum txhawb kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab kev ruaj ntseg; iridium txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm electrocatalytic thiab durability. Kev lag luam yog tias Ir-Ta txheej yuav ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab dua li Ru- nplua nuj ib qho hauv cov tshuaj chlorine- evolution cell. Them rau Ir-Ta hauv cov tshuaj dawb huv- cov dej num hloov pauv tuaj yeem them rau lub peev xwm uas koj tsis siv.

Ib txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo: yog tias cov pa roj anode tseem ceeb yog cov pa, thov kom muaj pa oxygen-evolution- qauv tsim. Yog tias nws yog tshuaj chlorine, nug ib qho tshuaj chlorine-evolution- taw qhia ib qho. Yog hais tias lub luag hauj lwm swings ntawm ob - raws li muaj ntau lub hlwb ua - lo lus teb yog ib tug compromise formulation thiab ib tug kuaj lub luag hauj lwm voj voog, tsis yog ib tug catalog ib feem.

Platinum ntawm titanium: cov khoom sib txawv logic

Platinized titanium anodes siv cov txheej platinum nyias txheej, feem ntau siv los ntawm electroplating lossis lwm yam kev tso nyiaj, qee zaum dhau ntawm txheej nruab nrab. Platinum muaj cov conductivity zoo heev, ruaj khov electrochemical nto thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv rau ntau yam kev tawm tsam. Nws yog ib qho kev xaiv tsim nyog uas nws tus cwj pwm saum npoo ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov khoom siv.

Nws tsis yog universal upgrade. Platinum yog kim, thiab nyias platinum txheej tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj hauv zos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov ceev tam sim no tsis sib xws lossis qhov twg cov khoom khawb qhov chaw. Nws tseem tsis tau txais cov lus teb zoo rau txhua chloride lossis txhua qhov siab -chlorine- lub luag haujlwm. Qee qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws ua ntej peb pom yog platinum anodes teev los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom uas sib npaug "khoom kim dua" nrog "lub neej ntev."

Platinum ntawm titanium tsim nyog rau kev txiav txim siab rau cov ntawv thov uas muaj nuj nqis ruaj khov, qis - suab nrov electrochemical nto thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm lub hnab ntawv haum. Nws yuav tsum raug xaiv los ntawm lub luag haujlwm specification, tsis yog los ntawm tus nqi ntaiv.

Yuav ua li cas nyeem cov txheej txheem txheej tsis tau ploj

Kev sib tham txheej txheej uas ntseeg tau yuav tsum muaj rau lo lus nug. Tsis muaj leej twg yog xaiv tau yog tias koj xav tau qhov txiaj ntsig koj tuaj yeem siv nyiaj txiag.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv twg yog dominates - chlorine evolution, oxygen evolution, los yog sib tov?

Dab tsi yog electrolyte: muaj pes tsawg leeg, pH, kub, thiab nws qias neeg li cas?

Yuav ua li cas tam sim no ceev thiab khiav / nres lub luag hauj lwm, suav nrog pib- nce thiab polarity txheej xwm?

Yuav tsum muaj thaj chaw ua haujlwm dab tsi thiab geometry, thiab txawm tias tam sim no faib li cas?

Yuav ua li cas tsis ua hauj lwm ntsuas suav: voltage nce, txheej poob, khoom purity, los yog pom kev mob?

Qhov kev lav phib xaub tau them li cas, thiab qhov ntsuas lub neej nyob li cas?

Daim ntawv ceeb toom qhov ploj lawm: "ua kom nws kav tsib xyoos." Lub neej txheej qhia tsuas yog hauv xyoo tsis yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws yog kev cia siab. Lub neej nyob ntawm ntsev, dej, qhov kub thiab txias, qhov ceev tam sim no, nres / pib lub voj voog, kev ua haujlwm tu, thiab qhov uas tus neeg yuav khoom xav tias "ua tsis tiav."

Cov lus nug cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug tsis yog nug kom luv nqi

Tsev neeg txheej yog dab tsi, thiab vim li cas thiaj xaiv rau lub luag haujlwm no?Tus neeg muag khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem sau npe cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua kom koj lub xov tooj ntawm tes.

Dab tsi yog txheej loading, nyob rau hauv grams ib square meter ntawm active cheeb tsam?Kev thauj khoom tsis yog txhua yam, tab sis qhov tsis kam qhia nws yog lub teeb liab.

Dab tsi yog qhov guaranteed active cheeb tsam?Tag nrho cheeb tsam titanium thiab active coated cheeb tsam yog txawv tus lej. Qhov thib ob yog tus ua haujlwm.

Dab tsi yog qhov kev ua tsis tiav?Ib qho hluav taws xob 10% nce, pom qhov pom liab qab, lossis poob ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog peb lub ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm "hnav tawm." Lawv tsim peb lub voj voog sib txawv.

Recoating nqi yog dab tsi, thiab dab tsi yog reusable?Ib qho anode tsis yog ib txwm khawb thaum lub txheej tsis ua haujlwm. Lub substrate tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Cov lus teb nyob ntawm seb lub titanium puas puas, warped, los yog kab mob thaum lub sij hawm kev pab cuam.

Tus nqi ib chav tsev ntawm cov zis yog dab tsi?Faib tus nqi anode ntsia, suav nrog cov txheej txheem rov qab thiab lub sijhawm poob qis, los ntawm cov kilograms ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj rau lub neej lav. Tus lej ntawd yog piv rau cov neeg muab khoom siv. Tus nqi tsev tsis yog.

Daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv thov: qhov twg txhua txheej nyhav rau av

Electroplating thiab hlau tiavfeem ntau koom nrog cov tshuaj chloride los yog sib xyaw electrolytes, complex geometry, thiab tsis sib xws tam sim no. Ru-Ir yog ib txwm, tab sis cov geometry thiab khib lossis pob tawb tsim muaj teeb meem ntau dua li txheej txheej txheej.

PCB platingyog txawv txav rhiab heev rau tam sim no kev faib tawm thiab kis kab mob. Ib qho kev hloov me me hauv kev tso nyiaj tsis sib xws tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus nqi tsis lees paub. Ntawm no cov kev sib tham yuav tsum muaj xws li anode puab, npog, ntug teebmeem thiab da dej purity, tsis yog txheej ib leeg.

Kev kho dej thiab ntawm -qhov chaw hypochlorite tiamyog chloride- nplua nuj thiab chlorine- cov haujlwm hloov pauv. Ru-Ir yog lub hauv paus pib, muab cov ntsev, qhov kub thiab txias tsim ntawm tes tswj. Cov dej tawv yog ib qho anode killer nyob rau hauv no sector: scale nce voltage thiab tsim kub.

Cathodic tiv thaiv hauv dej hiav txwvsiv MMO anodes vim tias lawv muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab tsis sludge. Cov txheej txheej yuav tsum zam qhov kev pabcuam ntev, hloov pauv tam sim no thiab kev loj hlob hauv hiav txwv. Qhov no tsis yog plating -anode lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv duab.

Electrolysis, chlor-alkali thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb electrochemicalnpog qhov dav dav. Txheej xaiv ua raws li cov roj anode thiab impurity kam rau ua ntawm cov txheej txheem. Qhov no yog qhov uas qhov kev thov "titanium electrode" muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.

Dab tsi ntawm anode yuav tsum tsis txhob hais kom ua

Ib qho anode tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau cov dej tsis zoo. Hardness, hlau, manganese thiab silica tso rau ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsav voltage nce. Yog hais tias lub softener tsis loj los yog khaws cia, qhov zoo tshaj plaws txheej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog thov kom ciaj sia ib tug mob lub specification yeej tsis suav nrog.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm polarity. Qee lub luag haujlwm thim rov qab polarity; ib co tsis. Ib txheej tsim rau ib qho kev taw qhia tuaj yeem ua tsis tau sai thaum siv rau lwm qhov. Qhia lub luag haujlwm lub voj voog kom meej.

Nws tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau lub xovtooj ntawm tes uas khiav qhuav, lub twj tso kua mis uas muag, lossis lub rectifier nrog ntau dhau ripple. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab tshuab tsis ua haujlwm hnav khaub ncaws ua cov txheej txheem tsis ua haujlwm. Lawv yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas li ntawd.

Thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim los ntawm xim. Tsaus, teeb, speckled, du, ntxhib - tsis muaj qhov kev soj ntsuam no tsim cov txheej txheem zoo. Cov pov thawj nkaus xwb yog kev ua haujlwm raws li lub luag haujlwm tiag tiag, ntsuas tawm tsam qhov kev pom zoo.

 

 

Xaus: yuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsis yog cov npe khoom

Ru-Ir, Ir-Ta thiab platinum ntawm titanium daws teeb meem sib txawv. Ru-Ir yog cov tshuaj chlorine muaj zog- hloov pauv hloov pauv. Ir-Ta yog taw qhia rau cov pa oxygen-evolution thiab xav tau oxidation tej yam kev mob. Platinum ntawm titanium muaj qhov ruaj khov, siab - tus nqi nto qhov uas lub luag haujlwm thiab cov peev nyiaj ua pov thawj rau nws. Tsis yog "zoo tshaj plaws." Txhua tus yog teb rau lub luag haujlwm specification.

Lo lus nug yog tsis yog "lub txheej twg muaj zog tshaj?" Nws yog "qhov twg txheej, ntawm qhov chaw thau khoom, ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nyob rau hauv kuv cov electrolyte, ntawm kuv qhov ceev tam sim no, nrog kuv lub voj voog nres / pib, ua tsis tiav hauv txoj kev uas kuv tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab them taus?"

Rau ib qhov chaw -cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb txheej txheej, xa Dinoer koj cov ntaub ntawv electrolyte, lub hom phiaj tso zis, geometry, qhov ceev tam sim no thiab cov qauv tsis ua haujlwm. Peb yuav xa rov qab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab lub sijhawm ua haujlwm - tsis yog tus lej feem ntau.Thov hu rau peb.